Weathering effects of an historic building in San Francisco de Campeche, Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30763/Intervencion.2016.13.153Palabras clave:
historical building, weathering, humidity, San Francisco de Campeche, MéxicoResumen
Este trabajo presenta una descripción cualitativa del fenómeno de degradación que ha ocurrido en los muros externos del bastión de San Carlos, una estructura militar construida con material calcáreo entre los siglos XVI y XVII en la ciudad colonial de San Francisco de Campeche, México. Se identificaron varias estructuras debidas al intemperismo en los morteros y las piedras calizas. Se realizaron análisis mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (sem/eds), difracción de rayos X (xrd) y microscopía óptica (om) para determinar la naturaleza de los compuestos formados. Los resultados indican que el clima tropical provoca efectos físicos, químicos y biológicos en los materiales de construcción, principalmente debidos a la disponibilidad de agua. La influencia de esta disponibilidad de agua parece ser la causa fundamental de los daños observados en el edificio, por encima de la acción de las sales marinas o los contaminantes atmosféricos. Se observó la formación de costras ricas en carbonato de calcio, debidas al proceso de disolución y recristalización acrecentado por la abundante presencia de agua. También se identificaron neominerales como whewellita y wheddelita, relacionadas con la actividad microbiana. La presencia de elementos como cloro, sodio y azufre indican que la degradación del edificio ocurrió mediante procesis sinérgicos durante su larga exposición al ambiente tropical de San Francisco de Campeche.
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